Football Championships and Jersey Sponsors' Stock Prices: An Empirical Investigation

Corporate sports sponsorship is an important part of many companies? corporate communication strategy. We take the example of major football tournaments to show that sponsorship indeed affects the sponsor?s (stock) market value. We find a statistically significant impact of football results (at an individual game level) of the seven most important football nations at European and World Championships on the stock prices of jersey sponsors. In general, the more important a match and the less expected its result, the higher its impact. In addition, we find a form of ?mere exposure?-effect which contradicts the efficient markets hypothesis.Sports sponsorship, Advertising, Stock market efficiency

An equivariant Quillen theorem

A classical theorem due to Quillen (1969) identifies the unitary bordism ring with the Lazard ring, which classifies the universal one-dimensional commutative formal group law. We prove an equivariant generalization of this result by identifying the homotopy theoretic $\mathbb{Z}/2$-equivariant unitary bordism ring, introduced by tom Dieck (1970), with the $\mathbb{Z}/2$-equivariant Lazard ring, introduced by Cole-Greenlees-Kriz (2000). Our proof combines a computation of the homotopy theoretic $\mathbb{Z}/2$-equivariant unitary bordism ring due to Strickland (2001) with a detailed investigation of the $\mathbb{Z}/2$-equivariant Lazard ring.Comment: 19 pages; v3: Minor changes. Accepted for publication in Adv. Mat

Trends in Air Transportation between the USA and the Asia/Pacific Region with Particular Consideration of United Airlines\u27 Acquisition of the Pan Am Pacific Division

This study deals with the development of scheduled passenger traffic between the USA and selected countries in the ICAO Asia/Pacific region from 1977 to 1987. Among the significant trends are the growth in scheduled passenger traffic volume and the increase in both the percentage share of US citizens and foreign flag carriers. This study focuses on United Airlines\u27 acquisition of Pan Am\u27s Pacific Division in 1985. An analysis of selected Pan Am transpacific services in terms of market share and quality of service before 1985 shows a general declining trend. The main reasons for this development include Pan Am\u27s poor financial performance and increased competition due to multiple carrier designation. United Airlines\u27 impact on US - Pacific markets was modest. In 1987, United Airlines improved its market share positions over those of Pan Am in 1985 by 2 to 8 percent. This suggests that United Airlines was unable to turn its domestic feeder system and US market dominating APOLLO CRS into a competitive advantage

Probing the early Milky Way with stellar spectroscopy

Stars preserve the fossil records of the kinematical and chemical evolution of individual building blocks of the Milky Way. In its efforts to excavate this information, the astronomical community has recently seen the advent of massive astrometric and spectroscopic observing campaigns that are dedicated to gather extensive data for millions of stars. The exploration of these vast datasets is at the heart of the present thesis. First, I introduce ATHOS, a data-driven tool that employs spectral flux ratios for the determination of the fundamental stellar parameters effective temperature, surface gravity, and metallicity, upon which all higher-order parameters like detailed chemical abundances critically rely. ATHOS’ robustness and widespread applicability is not only showcased in a comparison to large-scale spectroscopic surveys and their dedicated pipelines, but it is also demonstrated to be able to compete with highly specialized parameterization methods that are tailored to high-quality data in the realm of studies with low target numbers. An in-depth study of the latter kind is outlined in the second part of this thesis, where I present a chemical abundance investigation of the metal-poor Galactic halo star HD 20. Using spectra and photometric time series of utmost quality in combination with modern asteroseismic and spectroscopic analysis techniques, I deduce a comprehensive, highly accurate, and precise chemical pattern that proves HD 20 worthy of being added to the short list of metal-poor benchmark stars, both for nuclear astrophysics and in terms of stellar parameters. The decomposition of the chemical pattern shows an imprint from s-process nucleosynthesis on top of the already in itself rarely encountered enhancement of r-process elements. In the absence of a companion that could act as polluter, this poses a striking finding that points towards fast and efficient mixing in the early interstellar medium prior to HD 20’s formation. In the third and last part, spectroscopic data from the SDSS/SEGUE surveys are combined with astrometry from the Gaia mission to form a sample of several hundred thousand chemodynamically characterized halo stars that is scrutinized to establish links between globular clusters and the general halo field star population. Based on the identified sample of probable cluster escapees that includes both first-generation and second-generation (former) cluster stars, I provide important observational constraints on the overall cluster contribution to the buildup of the Galactic halo. A highly interesting – yet tentative – finding is that for those populations of stars that were lost early on, the first-generation fraction appears higher compared to groups that are currently being stripped or still bound to clusters. This observation could indicate either a dominant contribution from since dissolved low-mass clusters or that early cluster mass loss preferentially affected first-generation stars

Canonical Subspaces of Linear Time-Varying Differential-Algebraic Equations and Their Usefulness for Formulating Accurate Initial Conditions

Accurate initial conditions have the task of precisely capturing and fixing the free integration constants of the flow considered. This is trivial for regular ordinary differential equations, but a complex problem for differential-algebraic equations (DAEs) because, for the latter, these free constants are hidden in the flow. We deal with linear time-varying DAEs and obtain an accurate initial condition by means of applying both a reduction technique and a projector based analysis. The highlighting of two canonical subspaces plays a special role. In order to be able to apply different DAE concepts simultaneously, we first show that the very different looking rank conditions on which the regularity notions of the different concepts (elimination of unknowns, reduction, dissection, strangeness, and tractability) are based are de facto consistent. This allows an understanding of regularity independent of the methods